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What is a Pre Engineered Building?
Pre Engineered Metal Buildings are steel buildings in which excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections as per the bending moment required. The design of the building is done by a qualified engineering team which ensures that the design of the building is optimum, after this all the components are pre-fabricated in a manufacturing facility with modern equipment. Finally, these components are transported to the site, and erection is done using nuts & bolts.
The Concept
Pre Engineered Metal Buildings are steel buildings in which excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections as per the bending moment required. The design of the building is done by a qualified engineering team which ensures that the design of the building is optimum, after this all the components are pre-fabricated in a manufacturing facility with modern equipment. Finally, these components are transported to the site, and erection is done using nuts & bolts.
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The concept of PEBs came into existence during the 1960s in the USA in order to erase construction complexities and save time & resources. The core of PEB as a technology lies in providing the sections at a location as per the requirement at that particular spot. The sections may be varying throughout the length according to the bending moment diagram.
This leads to the utilization of slender elements instead of non-prismatic rigid frames. Tapered I-sections made with built-up thin plates are used along with Standard hot-rolled sections, cold-formed sections, profiled roofing sheets, etc to achieve the desired configuration. This results in an optimum structure saving your cost, time & resources. A typical Pre Engineered Building primary frame is shown below.
Primary Framing System
The Primary framing is the main framing system that includes the rigid steel frames of the building. The PEB rigid frame comprises tapered columns and tapered rafters that are manufactured in the plant.
The Application and requirements determine the shape and size of these members. The images shown beside are the most commonly adopted Pre-engineered primary framing.
Secondary Framing System
Cold-formed C & Z Purlin are the secondary framing systems that are used to tie the rafters together & provide additional support. They are formed by cold rolling the sheet metal strips in a bending press machine.
The Steel used is of high strength conforming to ASTM A 570 or equivalent, with the yield strength of 345 MPA.
Cladding Systems
1. Screw Down Sheeting Method: Roof and wall cladding are formed by cold rolling metal sheet ranging between 0.5 to 0.7mm thick in bending press machine.
They are used to provide shelter and support from wind pressure and live load.
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2. Standing Seam Sheeting method:The standing seam roof is connected indirectly by forming clips into the seam. Steel roof is coated with zinc-aluminuim alloy,
commonly called zincalume and is available in to grades with tensile strength of 345 MPA & 550 MPA conforming to ASTM A792 or equivalent.
Mezzanine Systems
It consists of a steel deck with a varying thickness between 0.5 to 1mm supported by steel joists, Steel joists act as secondary members, connected to main primary beams.
Main beams are connected to the mainframe columns or intermediate columns, based on the load & span, which transfer the load to the foundation.
Crane Systems
Crame systems are required in manufacturing buildings that require material handling. The crane system is classified into four types as top running crane, underhung crane, Monorail Crane, and jib Crane. The most commonly adopted is the top-running crane system.
Fascias
Facias are used for architectural purposes to connect the gable of the building. A variety of fascias either straight or inclined can be provided. They are cantilevered from the main frame columns in the sidewall & from the wind columns on the end wall.
Canopies
Wall canopies over doors & windows at the sidewall or end wall are available. Sidewall canopies are supplied without a soffit panel and end wall roof extension canopies are supplied with a soffit panel.
The advantages of PEBs over Conventional Buildings are:
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